Individualized Education Programs That Support Self Esteem

Self-esteem has fallen from the pinnacle of academic and scientific practice.  There is not necessarily a direct link between self-esteem and academic success. Resilience is getting a great deal of attention because the culture of coddling children for fear of injuring their self-esteem often discourages them from risk-taking, which has been shown to be related to success in school and life. Still, children with disabilities do need some extra attention paid to activities that will build their ability to take those risks, whether we call that resilience or self-esteem.   Self Esteem and Writing Positive Goals for IEPs The IEP, or Individualized Education Program—the document that defines the students special education program—should attend to ways in which instruction is mediated and success is measured that will enhance a childs self-confidence and lead to further success.   Certainly, these activities need to reinforce the kind of academic behavior you want, while at the same time pairing the childs sense of self-worth to success in school activities. If you are writing an IEP to ensure that your students will be successful, you will want to make sure that your goals are based on the students past performance and that they are stated positively. Goals and statements must be relevant to the students needs. Start slowly, choosing only a couple of behaviors at a time to change. Be sure to involve the student, this enables him/her to take responsibility and be accountable for his/her own modifications. Be sure to provide some time to enable the student to track and or graph his/her successes. Accommodations to Develop and Enhance Self-Esteem: Academic expectations will be reduced to ensure success. Be very specific about the exact curricular expectations that will be omitted or modified. Recognize and reward quality performance.Student strengths will be highlighted by recording and sharing evidence of growth.Honest and appropriate feedback will occur on a regular basis.Opportunities for the student to demonstrate strengths will be maximized as often as is possible. This could include, oral presentation and opportunities for the child to share his responses as long as the child is ready and can be successful.The student will be encouraged to become involved in extracurricular activities that support his/her interests and strengths.The student will use a form of personal expression which will include teacher response/feedback through a journal, one to one, or computer entries. Goal-Writing Tips Write goals that can be measured, be specific as to the duration or the circumstance under which the goal will be implemented and use specific time slots when possible. Remember, once the IEP is written, it is imperative that the student is taught the goals and fully understands what the expectations are. Provide him/her with tracking devices, students need to be accountable for their own changes.

Essay on Genetic Engineering is Unethical - 1154 Words

â€Å"Just as the success of a corporate body in making money need not set the human condition ahead, neither does every scientific advance automatically make our lives more meaningful; (Wald 45). These words were spoken by a Nobel Prize winning biologist and Harvard professor, George Wald, in a lecture given in 1976 on the Dangers of Genetic Engineering. This quotation states that incredible inventions, such as genetic engineering, are not always beneficial to society. Genetic engineering is â€Å"altering the genetic material of cells and/or organisms in order to make them capable of making new substances or performing new functions; (Wald 45). It is also one of the top controversial issues of the 20th century (Epstein 1). Many believe that†¦show more content†¦Such consequences as segregation between altered and unaltered humans, civil war, mistreatment and disrespect of cloned humans and other severe damages will occur if genetic engineering is continually approved by science. In order to save society from future destruction, genetic engineering should be stopped. Clearly, genetic engineering causes unethical occurrences in society and should cease. The second reason genetic engineering is unethical and should be stopped is due to the fact that it involves reconstructing nature, which is not the job of society. Genetic engineering could potentially breed new animal and plant diseases, new sources of cancer, novel epidemics and other serious problems in which nature cannot conquer (Epstein 4). Many scientists argue that genetic engineering has a positive outcome, and occurrences such as diseases or other casualties in nature’s balance should be ignored (Bereano 18). Co-discoverer of the DNA code and Nobel Laureate, Dr. James D. Watson, has continuously disregarded the risks of genetic engineering (Bereano 19). In 1979, he wrote the following about possible diseases that might be inadvertently created through genetic engineering: â€Å"I would not spend a penny trying to see if they exist; (Bereano 19). The above statement clearly shows that society cannot depend on the â€Å"high priests; of science to make ethical decis ions (Bereano 18). Too much is at stake.Show MoreRelatedEthics And The New Genetics1048 Words   |  5 PagesResponse Paper Dear Mr. Dalai Lama, In your excerpt, â€Å"Ethics and the New Genetics,† you presented the discovery of the advancement in genetic technology. You mentioned how scientist are able to change the genetic makeup of living things. Another key point presented in your article is the idea of cloning, where one is therapeutic while the other is reproductive. The article discussed that the advancement in technology and genetics should only be used to benefit people. However, you believed that usingRead MoreDisadvantages Of Genetic Engineering1663 Words   |  7 Pagesinnovations is genetic engineering. Genetic engineering is the deliberate modification of characteristics of an organism by manipulating its genetic material. it is a set of biotechnologies used to change the genetic makeup of cells, including the transfer of genes within and across species boundaries to produce improved or novel organisms. Genetic engineering techniques have been applied in numerous fields including research, agriculture, i ndustrial biotechnology, and medicine. Genetic engineering can beRead MoreWhat Is Human Genetic Engineering?1193 Words   |  5 PagesHuman genetic engineering is currently a hot topic of discussion in the scientific world. What is human genetic engineering? According to the National Human Genome Research Institute, â€Å"Genetic engineering is the process of using recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology to alter the genetic makeup of an organism. Traditionally, humans have manipulated genomes indirectly by controlling breeding and selecting offspring with desired traits. Genetic engineering involves the direct manipulation of one or moreRead MoreA New Science Of Genetic Engineering Essay1130 Words   |  5 Pagescrossed to achieve trust within the biomedical community. To ensure the people this can bring great change without the unethical byproducts which could come with gene editing. Much of the American public is divided with the relatively new science of genetic engineering due to concerning ethical issues, but would benefit in many ways from its implementation into society. Genetic engineering started with an idea picked up by the US government in the mid-80s, it is now the planet’s largest collective biologicalRead MoreThe Ethical Dilemma Of Designer Babies1305 Words   |  6 Pageschildren who are genetically engineered are considered superior and a person’s value is based entirely on their DNA (Molina, 2016). An idea that once seemed like mere science fiction is now, ever closer to becoming a reality thanks to advances in genetics, and the development of a gene editing technology called Crispr-Cas9, in 2012, which uses natural enzymes to target and snip genes with pinpoint accuracy. It has already been suggested that this technology could be used to eliminate defective genesRead MoreGenetic Engineering in Humans Essay873 Words   |  4 Pagespre-birth enhancement. Iniquitous practices such as genetic engineering could lead to a degraded feeling in a child and conceivably end in a dystopian society, almost like the society Adolf Hitler had in mind. In the minds of some scientists genetic engineering for pre-birth enhancement is a potential for disaster. Disputes surrounding the definition of humanity, a threat to freedom of action, and eugenics question the moral ethics of genetic engineering, yet there is still belief that pre-birth enhancementRead MoreThe Case Against Perfection by Mich ael Sandel983 Words   |  4 PagesPerfection: Ethics in the Age of Genetic Engineering, in which he explains unethical implications biotechnology has and may have in the near future regarding genetic engineering. The ethics behind genetic engineering have been discussed and argued for years now. Some arguing points often include competitive advantages, playing God, and the polarization of society, but Sandel takes a different approach in explaining society’s â€Å"unease† with the morality of genetic engineering. Broadcasted through severalRead MoreEssay on The Dangers of Genetic Engineering619 Words   |  3 Pages Genetic engineering has a fine line to when it becomes unethical. Ethically new research has offered to help people with disabilities and prevent them to better a persons life. The line is drawn when parents have the choice to modify their child through genomics, This may seem fine, but unfortunately parents are bettering their children to either make them smarter or more athletic. This modification endangers the childs life by unbalancing their original balance. Genomics allows a person toRead MoreA Research On Genetic Engineering1111 Words   |  5 Pages Genetic Engineering in Humans Andrew Pickard English 122, Semester 1 Mrs. D. Seymour December 19, 2014 Genetic Engineering in Humans I. Insecurity and Disappointments A. Identity Crisis B. The Injury C. Elite Development Program / Re-injury II. Royal Canadian Leadership Camp A. Application B. Black Sheep C. Inspiring Words III. Volunteer Experiences / Inspiring Events A. Steve Nash Youth Basketball B. We Day C. Literacy Mentor Pickard 1 Andrew Pickard Mrs. D. Seymour EnglishRead MoreNegative Impact Of Manipulating Human Genetics1453 Words   |  6 Pages Negative Impact of Manipulating Human Genetics Twenty five years ago Genetic Engineering was a scene from an unrealistic invention on a scene from a science fiction movie. However, recent scientific advancements, genetic engineering, is becoming more of a reality rather than a fantasy. Genetic Engineering was once an actually impractical thought, today it is a prominent issue around the world. The most controversial subject of genetic engineering deals with the impact that manipulation of

Nursing Laws and Ethics Free Essays

As nursing profession continuously progresses in its quest for excellence, its nature becomes complex in the light of meeting the standards set forth by the implementing bodies in nursing profession. These standards are indeed the result of careful assessment and observation made to resolve the never ending issues and concerns pertaining to the legal responsibilities and ethical obligations of nurses. Many of these include the duty to interpret and carry out orders, duty to monitor the patient, delegation of authority, consent to medical and surgical procedures, confidentiality of medical records, negligence and others. We will write a custom essay sample on Nursing Laws and Ethics or any similar topic only for you Order Now But among the issues and concerns aforementioned, one of the most controversial issues which caught my attention is â€Å"Malpractice†. Sometimes, nurses, for some personal reason, go beyond their boundaries and exceed the scope of nursing practice they are ought to observe at all times. In abroad, there have been numerous reported incidents wherein Filipino nurses who happened to be medical doctors here in the Philippines were charged of malpractice and was deported back here for attempting to save a dying patient in the absence of the medical doctor in-charge. Legally speaking, what they did was a â€Å"breach of duty† and basically, they should have been subjected to corresponding sanction. However, as far as nurses’ sworn duty is concerned, it’s also their responsibility to save and protect life at all cost. I understand that, doing the job beyond their legal limitations was hard for them. But because Filipino nurses are typically compassionate, they have set aside the thought of facing consequences of their actions and didn’t think twice when they saw the imminent danger to the patient’s life, considering their knowledge and experience in critical situations as doctors. It is quite paradoxical in nature, to which side they are to choose in the midst of ethical dilemmas like that. In the code of nurses developed by the American Nurses Association, there is no way they condone ethically passive behaviour. But being passive will mean two things at the same time. First, being passive and adherent to the scope of their jobs will mean being firm in their chosen profession and avoid legal responsibilities on their part. Secondly, it will mean depriving them of their own wisdom and freewill to do the right thing and do nothing as if they can’t do anything in the midst of life-threatening situation. As for me, we are all trained and equipped with ethical principles and laws just to guide us in making the right decision for the good of all. But no one can really tell us what exactly to do or which way to go. It is always, our wisdom, wise thinking and judicious assessment of the situation that would lead us to make the correct decision. How to cite Nursing Laws and Ethics, Essays

Culture of the youth free essay sample

What is implied under civilization? Culture is known to hold many significances. One of them refers to the religious and material accomplishments of humanity. On the whole it is possible to separate three sorts of civilization. They are elect civilization, folk civilization and popular civilization. These civilizations are closely connected with one another and one civilization is portion of the others. Elect civilization is a extremely developed sphere, it is comprised of picture, sculpture, architecture, literature, music. Folk civilization is the civilization of mundane life and everyday dealingss of societal life. Folk civilization consists of traditional cognition and pattern. It is like a wont of people, therefore this civilization does non alter really rapidly Popular civilization is aggregate civilization. It is a professionally organized sphere that works for a big mass of people. Popular civilization gives people, particularly immature, criterions to be what they like. What can you state about the civilization of the young person? Today the life of many immature people in Russia every bit good as in other states of the universe is influenced by popular civilization. The young person follow certain stereotypes that are imposed on them through Television, films, and music. In their life styles they try to copy the images of their graven images. Other immature people are athleticss and music fans. They frequent bowls and immense concert halls. They follow their graven images in their Tourss throughout the state and back up them. Unfortunately they are intolerant to those who do non portion their position. It is a specific facet of the young person sub-culture that can non be ignored. Do many immature people follow this form? No, they do nt. Many immature people have other involvements. For some of them acquiring cognition is of primary importance. They are fond of reading serious books, listening to serious music. They go to the conservatory and theaters. They are engaged in Hi-Tech through the Internet. What do you and your friends prefer? We prefer music. It plays a really of import portion in the life of immature work forces. Tastes differ, and the music scene is altering. Young people like different sorts of music. Some like disco music they can dance to. Some like loud, heavy stone music. Some like the popular reggae sound. Some like South American beat. Many of them are fond of wind. Madonna and Bruce Sprigsteen from the USA and George Michael from Britain besides have immense Numberss of fans. As for me, my friends and I enjoy Gaelic common people music. My favorite groups that perform Gaelic music are Chieftains and River dance . Is Gaelic common people music popular in Russia? Yes, it is. It is really popular. For illustration, St. Patrick s Day, the major Irish vacation, is celebrated throughout Moscow. You can hear Gaelic music everyplace on this twenty-four hours. It should be said that festivals of Irish music are on a regular basis held in Russia, hosting groups executing Gaelic music from Ireland, Great Britain, the USA and Russia. Bash you mean that there are groups in Russia that play Gaelic music? Yes, there are. In such groups as Slua Si , Pucken Piper , and Reelroads Russian immature work forces execute Irish and Scottish music. What can you state about Russian stone music? I am non a fan of Russian stone. But there are a batch of stone instrumentalists in our state. Such groups as Alisa , DDT and Mumiy Troll are really popular among Russian immature people. It is interesting to observe that many immature people still listen to the music of the groups that do non be any more. I mean Kino and Nautilus Pompilius . What books do Russian immature people read? Many immature people are fond of narratives and novels written by Victor Pelevin and Boris Akunin. Their plants are illustrations of such literary tendencies as station modernism and station Constructivism. Besides, many immature people like to read scientific discipline fiction literature. The novels by the Strougutskys s are best read even today. Among the immature scientific discipline fiction writers the novels by Serge Lukjanenko are really popular. A batch of immature people are fond of are science fiction and phantasy. Why are scientific discipline fiction and phantasy so popular in Russia? These literary tendencies are poplar non merely in Russia but all over the universe. The best read foreign fantasy author is J.R.R. Tolkien. His books truly ushered in a new epoch in literature. J.R.R. Tolkien won celebrity due to his original heroic poem trilogy The Lord of the Rings . This outstanding work by the mid-1960s became a sociocultural phenomenon. While working on his trilogy J.R.R. Tolkien created The Hobbit which was an debut to it. Both The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings are set in a fabulous yesteryear. The Lord of the Rings chronicles the battle between assorted good and evil lands for ownership of a charming ring that can switch the balance of power in the universe. The trilogy is singular for its phantasy types elves, midgets, hobbits and its sustained inventive storytelling. It is regarded as a rare, successful modern version of the heroic heroic poem. Bash you cognize anything about urban sub-cultures of the young person? It is by and large held that sub-culture is the civilization of those who are dissatisfied with their topographic point in society. On the whole Teds, Mods, Rockers, Bikers, Skinheads and Punks are the sub-cultures of the politically or economically weak sections of the society. What do recent sub-cultures protest against? Arsenic is known, recent sub-cultures reflect a refusal to victimize signifier in post-1945 society. For illustration, the sub-culture of Rastafairians was based on nostalgia for a lost universe. They idealized Africa. Who were Rastafairians? Rastafairians were Afro-Caribbean immigrants in Britain. They dreamed of aureate age in Africa before the slave bargainers came. They viewed Britain as portion of the Biblical Babylon , the land of bondage, and Africa particularly Ethiopia as the Promised Land . These Rastafairians began to have on typical apparels, disguise jackets, big chapeaus in the ruddy, gold and green colors of Ethiopia and put their long, untrimmed hair in dreadlocks . They took to talking in a particular patois or idiom. Rastafairians were noncompliant until they became a recognized and legitimate minority group in Great Britain at the terminal of the 1980s. What made the greatest impact on the development of urban sub-cultures? Black music which came to Britain through the Rastafairians made its impact on urban sub-cultures. Such types as ska, reggae and Hip-hop evolved in the Caribbean and the United States, developed in Britain during the 1970s, came to Russia in the 1990s In Britain reggae music is held as powerful look of dissenters. In our state reggae is the music of the adolescents. Many sub-cultures developed as a consequence of music merger of black and white civilizations. Can you give an illustration of such merger? Skinheads developed in the 1970s in England out of an older cult, the Mods. They imitated black idiosyncrasy and manner and danced to reggae. At the same clip the white adolescents who loved the music and copied the apparels of the Afro-asian immigrants were violent to them. They wore heavy boots, denims and braces, and shave their hair or cut it really abruptly. They sharply sought to retrieve a petroleum working-class individuality which their parents coevals had mostly abandoned. In the chief, Skinheads dreamed about the resurgence of the traditional propertyless civilization. Now this motion is in diminution in Britain but it flourishes in East European states and Russia. The Skinheads in Great Britain were identified with utmost right flying positions. What can you state about Flower peoples? Flower peoples belonged to the opposing immature people of the late sixtiess. Their signifiers of protest corresponded to the criterions of their contemporary society. Coming against the war in Vietnam the immature Americans, who associated themselves with Flower peoples, established their communes. The motion spread throughout Europe. Hippies led a crude life in their ain states and so moved to the East. They rebelled against the values of their society. Their graven image was J.R.R. Tolkien, who created the fairy narrative of the 20th century. His heroic poem trilogy The Lord of the Rings became the guidelines for Flower peoples. What do you cognize about Punkss? Equally far as I know, Punks appeared in Britain in the seventiess as a reaction to the glamor of the dad star universe of the sixtiess. Punkss, like the Skinheads, are regressive, but inactive and politically apathetic. Their existent attractive force to the immature has been their ability to diss middle-aged sentiment, particularly among the defenders of societal values. They have done it by utilizing coarse linguistic communication, tiring green and pink hair, dressing in lacerate apparels, mangling their organic structures with safety pins. Now Punks are in diminution in Britain but are popular in our state. Punkss, Skinheads and Rastafairians, each in their ain manner asserted that they resided in a universe, as they understood it, alienated by category and race. By and large they were immature people with low self-respect, who did ill at school. Joining a pack was a agency of happening a position. They opposed the traditional universe in which they were settled as fiasco eleme nts. Are at that place other cults within urban sub-culture? Yes, there are. Heavy metal is one of them. This music of failure is widely despised by those who enjoy dad, reggae or psyche. Unlike other Rebel cults the followings of heavy metal act them egos as victims. They wear Gothic book and smile sculls, look of demoralized involvements. It is known that cults originate and vanish over periods of a decennary or two. Ragga and Gothic arose in the 1980s. Raggas are American-inspired. They are clothed in baseball caps, tracksuits pants and chunky trainers. Gothic is a blend of 1970s Punk and 1960s Flower peoples. Goths wear their hair really long and bleached black, and frock in cheap, loose apparels. They put on makeup, looking really pale with cosmetics around the eyes. They are non aggressive, and seem to experience nostalgia for the youth civilization and music of the sixtiess. At the terminal of the 1980s Acid House was a stylish sub-culture. It fascinated 1000s juveniles who had non before belonged to a cult. Acid House guaranteed m erriment and nightlong dance. It had its ain music which was another fluctuation on black music from America ( House Music ) . By the 1990s this motion was besides in diminution. It is interesting to observe that sub-cultures follow a rhythm. At first they shock so arouse a strong response. Equally shortly as the sub-culture additions momentum it magnetizes young person in hunt of Rebel integrity. Many adopt it for merriment, and drama at rebellion in their leisure clip. The sub-culture quickly ceases to show serious dissent. In the terminal it becomes another recognized and colorful portion of urban civilization.

Ielts Essay Example

Ielts Essay The graphs below show the post schools qualification held by Australians The two pie charts illustrate the percentage of education degree obtained by Australians aged between 25 to 34 and 55 to 69 in different fields of study. First and foremost, the Social Sciences and Arts have the highest rate of post school qualifications In both groups, while Architecture and Veterinary and Agriculture reached the lowest participation rate In the 25 to 34 and 55 to 69 aged group respectively. Bearing in mind that both samples are distributed by identical fields, Education almost displays the same percentage of student preference (14. 76% against 13. 17%). On the other hand, the quantity of people considered in samples is quite different. As evidence for this, the quantity of individuals between 25 and 34 years old (347,500) Is almost the triple of that of the 55 to 69 aged group (104,800). In brief, there are a lot of areas of interest which fulfill Australians educational expectations whether they are young or not. On the whole, young Australians are likely to be less reluctant to study than the adults because the first ones do not have any duties, such as raising a family, as the latter ones. (189) Test 3 The following graphs give information about the GAP The table chart contrasts the percentage composition of GAP and employment distributed by sectors, such as natural resources, Industry and services, In a developing country In 1992. Additionally, the line graph displays the tendencies of GAP in different sectors since 1986 and spreading out for 10 years. We will write a custom essay sample on Ielts specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Ielts specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Ielts specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Almost a 78% of the employment in 1992 is explained by the natural resources sector while the most important contributor factor in GAP Is the services sector. Furthermore, The services and natural resources for the former contributed with almost 30% and 65% of GAP respectively In 1986. Since then, both lines show a downward trend over the whole analyzed period. On the other hand, the industry sector has a steady growth beginning firstly in nearly 12% of GAP in 1986 and finishing in almost 20% in 1995. In brief, It can be seen that the Industry Is Increasingly growing. This situation could probably be explained by the development of manufacturing enterprises In this sector. (174) -rest 4 The table below shows consumer preferences This chart reveals the consumer preferences from different countries related to wide range of washing machine features. Every user, from all the countries, selects 34 as the preferred height while the majority selects the front loading as the ideal choice, with the exception of the German. However, there is no resemblance of the predilection in spin speed and styling features among the people interviewed in the survey. As evidence for this, the French prefer elegant appearance in contrast to that of United Kingdom (inconspicuous), German (indestructible) and Sweden (strong) people. In the other theatres, such as drum material, water heating system, capacity and washing action, the preferences are equally divided. In brief, it can be seen that German people demand the highest value in capacity, spin speed and shell dimensions. This situation could be possible explained by the quantity of member who composes the typical close German family in comparison with that of other countries. 155) -rest 5 The graphs below show the enrolment The line graph contrasts the tendency of the registration of the student body in Australian universities from 1989 and spreading out for 10 years. There are upward trends of overseas students; whose beginning shows a significant rise as well as their total has a dramatic growth. On the other hand, local students display the opposite trend, their total and commencing indicat e a substantial fall and a steady fluctuation respectively. Regarding the number of students who comprises the student body, foreign students total are the minority. As evidence for this, in 1989 there were 20,000 non-local versus 400,000 local students, so the percentage of overseas was 5% of Australians students. As for student enrolments, we can see that both overseas and local students have actors, such as accreditation, facilities or graduate placement career, in Australian universities more than the local students. (150) -rest 6 The charts below show the results of a survey of adult education The bar chart illustrates the percentage of adults reason preferred which encourage to study. On the other hand, the pie chart shows the portion of studies cost which should be paid by taxpayer, individual and employer, according to the point of view of surveyed people. Among the wide range of reasons to study, interest in subject is the most popular (40%) while meeting people is the least (9%). However, there are other reasons, such as help for current Job (22%), improving prospects of promotion (20%) and enjoying learning/studying (20%), which have almost the same preference.

Huntington essays

Huntington essays Huntington's Disease is a devastating, degenerative brain disorder for which there is, at present, no effective treatment or cure. It slowly diminishes the affected individual's ability to walk, think, talk and reason. Eventually, the person with the disease becomes totally dependent upon others for his or her Unfortunately, the trait is dominant, and there is no such thing as a carrier. Either you have it, or you dont, though some people dont find out that they have the gene until they have children. The disorder affects males and females equally and crosses all ethnic and racial boundaries. Each child of a person with the abnormality has a 50/50 chance of inheriting the fatal gene. Everyone who carries the gene will develop the disease. In 1993, A genetic marker was discovered which localised the Huntington's disease gene to an area close to the tip of the short arm of chromosome four. The gene itself causes horrendous problems. At one end of the gene, a pattern of three DNA bases (CAG), repeats itself in all cases. In normal individuals, this triplet repetition occurs between 11 and 29 times. In people with Huntington's disease, the repeat occurs over and over again, from 40 times to more than 80. This abnormal number of repeated sequences prevent the gene from functioning properly. The gene repetitions lead to the repeated amino acid on the protein produced by the gene called huntingtin. The repeated amino acid (glutamine) changes the way the protein works with all of the other proteins. Huntingtin with the repeated glutamine sequences seizes and keeps hold of the important proteins in the brain and body. With all of this disorder going on throughout the body, all of the other proteins cant perform their regular role. This is a disease that can be very draining on families: emotionally, physically and economically. Though the disease is ...

Case Study 2 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

2 - Case Study Example Segregation of tasks is required to evade obvious prospects for fraud and quality control (Zhang, 2012). First, for ideal internal control, the purchasing representative or agent should approve the payment nor receive the goods. If these tasks are not separated, an agent can purchase goods and have them transported to their home. Or a purchasing representative can spend so much on purchases, accept the payment, and divide the surplus with the supplier. To evade these issues, companies divide the following tasks among various workers: receiving goods, purchasing goods, and accepting and recompensing for goods (Zhang, 2012). In addition, no transaction should be administered without the specific or general approval of the management. The larger the transaction or deal, the more particular the approval it must have. After all, we are dealing with diamonds, not bolt and nuts. Companies effect most payments by EFT (electronic funds transfer) or check (Zhang, 2012). As we have witnessed, a company requires proper separation of tasks between operations and authorizing EFTs or writing checks for payment of cash. Payment by EFT or check is a crucial internal control, as below: Possible problem: The problem emerges in the absence of a chosen interim supervisor while Rachael is away. The senior executives are taking it on themselves to control while she is away, this seems to be creating performance problems at the architectural company (Fieldmann, 2014). Rachael should assign a high-ranking architect as the interim boss while she is out. The supervisor would be in charge of all the activities that take place in the firm till the return of Rachael. Equally, the other senior architects need to focus on generating architectural drawings. It is proven that the company does not operate well because two architects have self-assigned themselves as â€Å"in control,† but they neglect

Work sheet Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Work sheet - Assignment Example lingering aftermath of the 2010 BP oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, a contemporary technical innovation which provides a â€Å"new method to improve the efficiency of cleaning up oil spills, using magnets† (Hall, 2012), holds significant potential. This new method is the brainchild of Markus Zahn, a professor of electrical engineering at MIT, and the research team led by Shahriar Khushrushahi of MIT’s Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science. MIT had a breakthrough in January, and unveiled its new concept in September this year, posting it as a YouTube video. This innovation originated in Zahn’s concept that, if oil was magnetic, it could be easily separated from water using magnets. It works on the concept of magnetized fluids, or ferro-fluids. These are synthesized fluids, made up of 10 nanometer magnetic nanoparticles coated with a surfactant to stabilize it within a host liquid. They are typically water or oil based. The mixture of oil and water is collected in a restricted space. The oil is made magnetic by the addition of the magnetic nanoparticles. The magnetic oil is then separated from the water, using large magnets, giving clean water and magnetic oil. Using existing technology, the magnetic nanoparticles are removed from the oil, and the oil is recovered and recycled. (Zahn and Khushreshahi, in Hall, 2012). The concept is implemented through an arrangement of cylindrical magnets which are embedded vertically in a large tank. Globules of oil from the magnetic oil and water mixture rise above the water line and are scoope d up by large magnets. (Casey, 2012). The current methods of cleaning oil spills are of five types, each of which is attended by significant shortcomings. The first method just leaves the oil alone, letting it disperse by natural means. This has the possibility of polluting coastal regions and marine industries. The second method uses dispersants to break up the oil and accelerate its natural biodegradation. The

History of Pyramids Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

History of Pyramids - Term Paper Example These structures very prominently reflect wealth and status of the Kings of that time. â€Å"Man fears time but the time fears pyramids†. [Arab saying]. The history of pyramids stretches 4000 years back. Around 3000 B.C, an era began which is normally called the dynastic era. An era in which the greatest kings ruled different parts of the world. Especially the history of Egypt tells that Kings were praised like they are being appointed by God. People wanted to keep the king’s dead body in some special safe and conditions because it was their belief that there king has not completely died and they have to keep it intact. â€Å"Believed to be gods, the royal family lived amid colossal palaces and temples built to honor them and their deified ancestors† (Hawaas). The word Mummy came from this practice of the people of that time. These structures were to provide a safe and strong shelter for the dead bodies of their kings. However this culture of building pyramids wa s definitely started by their kings. Pyramids are not the part of Egyptian civilization only. There are others also like Mesopotamian and Mayan. As described earlier, pyramids are so old that â€Å"from the heights of these pyramids, forty centuries look down on us†. (Bonaparte). ... e mounds.† More likely, Egyptian pyramids were modeled on a sacred, pointed stone called the benben.  The benben symbolized the rays of the sun; ancient texts claimed that pharaohs reached the heavens via sunbeams†. (National Geographic) For a long period, archeologists and historians presented their theories regarding pyramids that how and why are these structures built? This is a question that kept everyone in a state of severe confusion for a very long period of time. The information related to such confusing questions was provided by the pyramids itself. The inside of these pyramids is so well designed and managed by the ancient people that it provided loads of information and history of these structures. The concept or the culture of picture writing was introduced by Egyptians. They were really good at that and this mean of communication is very affective and understandable. The interior of Egyptian pyramids contains such picture writings on the walls describing th e happenings and other processing of those old Kingdoms. In such picture writings that were found, some were showing the construction of these pyramids. These embedded pictures were of labors and mechanism technique they used to build these structures. These were so clear that people got the idea and the mystery of process of creating the pyramids didn’t remain a mystery anymore. One of such writing which was commonly found on the inside walls of most of the pyramids was â€Å"HRAM† (haram). â€Å"This name (haram) signifies the holy place, the edifice consecrated in a particular manner, it may be some divinity, or some religious usage† (Silvestre De Sacy). From these wall prints, it was also concluded that the process of making these pyramids was not easy. In fact these projects were running on

Ostracism in Athenian Democracy

Ostracism in Athenian Democracy Question 3. Ostraka Ostracism was a process instituted as one of the Kleisthenic reforms of 508/7BC as a result of the non-elite intervention in the conflict with the Spartan backed Isagoras, although there is no evidence for its actual use before 487BC (Forsdyke 2005: 144). Lasting for a period of 70 years it was a symbolic reminder of democratic power as opposed to elite rule as well as a pragmatic device for controlling the ambitions of potentially powerful traitors, or leading figures, without destabilizing the political system (Forsdyke 2005: 143). It required a minimum of 6,000 male citizens to take part in an annual secret ballot by inscribing the name of their preferred candidate on a potsherd (ostrakon plural ostraka) and the person who polled the most votes on a simple majority basis was exiled from Athens and Attica for a period of 10 years (Easterling and Handley 2001: 26) with the property and rights of the exile being protected by law during their exclusion. Ostrakon A. The inscriptions on this ostrakon(Fig. 1) can be transcribed, transliterated and translated as follows:- ÃŽ  ÃŽâ€¢ÃŽ ¡ÃŽâ„¢ÃŽÅ¡ÃŽâ€ºÃŽâ€¢ÃŽ £ ÃŽ §ÃŽ £ÃŽâ€˜ÃŽ ÃŽËœÃŽâ„¢ÃŽ  ÃŽ  ÃŽÅ¸ Perikles Xsanthippo Pericles (son) of Xanthippos Pericles was an aristocratic politician who became a democratic leader and this text shows his name inscribed alongside the genitive patronymic (the name of his father). A member of the Alkmaeonid family his mother was the niece of Kleisthenes and his father had been exiled in 484BC but recalled as a general during the Persian war. In 463/2BC he was elected as a prosecutor of Cimon who had been accused of receiving bribes from Alexander of Macedon and this opposition to Cimon brought a coalition with Ephialtes in 462BC to attack and reform the Areopagus (Hornblower and Spawforth 2003: 1139). When Ephialtes died and Cimon was ostracised Pericles became one of the most influential men in Athens, being elected as strategos (general) for 10 consecutive years from 443BC, and was an unopposed ruler who had an ambitious foreign policy of westward expansion that saw Athens become predominant in Greece (Bowder 1982: 157). The extensive public building programme instituted by Pericles, which included the re-building of the Parthenon (Bowder 1982: 156), was intended to make Athens an example to all Greece (Thucydides 2.41). An active military leader he put down a revolt in Euboea in 446BC and reviewed Athens grain supply during an expedition to the Black Sea (Hornblower and Spawforth 2003: 1139). Having once proposed a unification of all Greek states that had fought Persia, which Sparta opposed, his strategy, based upon the advice of Themistocles (Thucydides 1.93.16-17), as Athenian leader in the Peloponnesian war was to avoid fighting in the open, stay behind their fortifications and allow their sea power to prevail. Unfortunately the Athenians did not follow this policy which resulted in defeat (Davies 1993: 118-20). Pericles also made probably the most famous speech on Athenian democracy as a funeral oration for those who fell fighting Sparta in the first year of the Peloponnesian war where he commen ds the Athenian model to their neighbours as government by the many as opposed to an elite few (Barrow 1999: 29-30, Thucydides 2.35-46). Ostrakon B. The text on this ostrakon(Fig. 2) can be transcribed, transliterated and translated as follows:- ÃŽ £ÃŽÅ¸ÃŽÅ¡ÃŽ ¡ÃŽâ€˜ÃŽ ¤ÃŽâ€¢ÃŽ £: ΑÎ ÃŽâ€˜ÃŽâ€œÃŽ ¥ÃŽ ¡ÃŽâ€˜ÃŽ £ÃŽâ„¢ÃŽÅ¸ÃŽ £ Sokrates: Anagyrasios Socrates (of the deme) of Anagyrous The Socrates named here is not the famous philosopher but a general, one of the 10 strategos elected annually one from each of the 10 tribes (Barrow 1999: 20). The text gives the demotic adjective in the nominative case rather than the more usual genitive patronymic and from this deme name we can link Socrates to the Erechtheis tribe (Whitehead 1986: 369). Anagyrous was a garrison deme, possibly part of the signalling network (Whitehead 1986: 401) and as this ostrakon relates to 440BC (Easterling and Handley 2001: 28) we can assume Socrates was elected as strategos by his tribe in 441/440BC and given command of the Anagyrous garrison. We know nothing else of him so can only guess at why he was nominated for ostracism. Inscriptions C (Easterling and Handley 2001: p29). These inscriptions can be transliterated and translated as:- Themisthokles Neokleos Themistocles (son) of Neocles Themisthokles Neokleosito Themistocles (son) of Neocles Get Out Although these ostraka have the more normal form showing the genitive case patronymic two items are of note. Firstly, the double use of theta in Themistocles name and secondly the use of ito (Get out) which underlines the depth of feeling against him (Easterling and Handley 2001: 29) which is an interesting perspective given his reputation as father of the Athenian navy and the fact that he had implemented ostracism in 487BC (Bowder 1982: 198). There is evidence that the surviving ostraka on which Themistocles name is inscribed were written by only 14 people and this may reflect either the poor level of literacy at the time (ostraka being pre-prepared or written by a scribe) or some form of vote rigging (Murray 1993: 285). Themistocles was an Athenian politician, a member of the Lycomid family, a radical democrat who attempted to destroy the aristocracy and considered to be one of the greatest men of his generation (Bowder 1982: 199). When he was archonhe had developed Piraeus as the harbour of Athens (Thucydides 1.93.11-12) and argued that output from the Laurium silver mines be spent on increasing the size of the Athenian navy, ostensibly for the war against Aigina but in reality for use against Persia, which culminated in the victory at Salamis in 480BC (Herodotus 7.144.1-5). Although he had avoided being ostracised in the 480s he was sent into exile in 470/1BC after clashing with Cimon over accusations of negotiating with Persia (Bowder 1982: 198) but when accused by Sparta of becoming Persian he was recalled, fled and in his absence was condemned to death for treason. Arriving in Persia he was made governor of Magnesia where he remained until his death (Hornblower and Spawforth 2003: 1497). Ostracism fell into disrepair after 416BC when Alcibiades and Phiax manipulated its use to combine their forces and have their political rival Hyperbolus exiled. Corruption had always been present but this time it had been so blatant and visible that it completely discredited the process and its use was abandoned (Easterling and Handley 2001: 29). Bibliography Ancient Sources Herodotus: The Histories. trans. A. De Selincourt (Penguin ukessays>essays>classics). Middlesex. Penguin Books. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1986. Thucydides: The History of the Peloponnesian War. trans. R. Livingstone (The Worlds ukessays>essays>classics). Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1973. Modern Sources Barrow, R. 1999: Athenian Democracy. (Inside the Ancient World). London. Bristol Classical Press. Bowder, D. (ed.) 1982: Who was who in the Greek world. Oxford. Phaidon Press. Davies, J.K. 1993: Democracy and Classical Greece. 2nd Edition (Fontana History of the Ancient World). London. Harper Collins. Forsdyke, S.L. 2005: Exile, Ostracism and Democracy: the Politics of Expulsion in Ancient Greece. Princeton. Princeton University Press. Hornblower, S and Spawforth, A (eds). 2003: The Oxford Classical Dictionary. 3rd Edition Revised. Oxford. Oxford University Press. Murray, O. 1993: Early Greece. 2nd Edition (Fontana History of the Ancient World). London. Harper Collins. Whitehead, D. 1986: The Demes of Attica 508/7- 250BC. London. Princeton University Press.

God: Truth Or Myth :: essays research papers fc

While in High School I encountered all different kinds of people. Some were nice, others were not, and there was always that small group of guys that always voiced their opinion and let others know what was on their minds. No matter what others thought or felt of their opinion. My friend Ray was one of those people. Ray was a very easygoing guy; he never started any trouble, never disrespected anyone, and never quit. He always excelled in everything he did, he never let himself quit any activity no matter how hard it was, and if he got a low grade he would practice the material until he got it down pact. I remember one time -when he and I were taking the same English 101 in high school- when he got back a three page essay and the teacher gave him a B-. Ray almost immediately asked if he could re-do it and the teacher allowed him and anyone else who wanted to re-do it. If it had been me, I would have settled for the B- but no not Ray, he took it back re- wrote it and got himself and A+. I remember him saying after getting back the paper: "That's the way I like it!" We all laughed and congratulated him. Though the class was boring we all did pretty good. I am a strong believer in God and am very active in my church. Whereas Ray believes there is no God and that the church is all a bunch of "Bullcrap." He is a Darwinist, and a stubborn one at that. The ironic part about this whole situation is that Ray's mother is an extremely dedicated Christian. I have only met her once so I will refrain from going any further with the mentioning of Ray's mother. Ray and I have had many debates on whether God exists or not. I recall one evening when Ray came over my house-I had a couple of Christian friends who were already there, it almost seemed as if we were going to verbally ambush him- and almost immediately a debate sparked up amongst the one Darwinist and the other four Christians. That was one of our best debates, we must have spent two or three hours babbling on about God and Dawin's theory of evolution. Unfortunately he had to leave so we could not finish our debate, but I believe there will be a time when we will meet to fi nish our little event.

Navajo Code Talkers: the Unspoken Heroes of World War II

It’s a normal day in June 1944 and we were located on the Pacific Island of Saipan. As were walking through the lush, tangled wilderness with dense sugar-cane, steep ravines and jagged volcanic mountains, there was no such thing as a battle line for us soldiers. Danger was everywhere. The unseen enemy could be hidden by the thick tropical vegetation and the pitch black darkness of the new mooned night. Our eyes where constantly looking from the left to the right as we crossed by the walls of caves looking at the trees sprouting out of them for barrels pointing back. When we would stop for the night, we cherished the passing day, for we know tomorrow could be our last. One morning as we woke up from our uncomfortable beds, the ground, we noticed a silence along the enemy front. Carefully we scouted the terrain. They were gone. The Japanese had abandoned the area and retreated to new ground. As we inspected the area where they once occupied, suddenly artillery shells exploded all around us. I jumped to the ground as shrapnel exploded and flew overhead striking the tree that was behind me. We were being attacked. Not by the Japanese, but from our own guns. The radioman started shouting, â€Å"We are Americans! Stop The Artillery! † Nothing stopped, for the artillery commanders faced a known problem. The Japanese were far more fluent in English then we were in Japanese and have been known to send out faulty reports in perfect English. They thought it was just an enemy trick. â€Å"Stop Firing! We are Americans! † was echoed through the radio, each one more desperate then the last. Finally, a message was sent back, â€Å"Do you have a Navajo? † I was rushed forward, almost swept off my feet. Handing over my rifle to the radioman and started talking code. Within seconds the artillery stopped (Bruchac 2005, 135-7). This was a reenactment of an incident involving the United States marines during World War II. Sixteen-year-old Ned Begay, a Native American Navajo from Arizona, was at this fire fight on Bougainville, an area of Saipan, where U. S. troops fired on their own solders, not knowing that they were not the enemy. If it wasn’t for the Navajo code talker, more men would have died that day. This paper will cover many topics about the Navajo code talkers, including how they were formed, how the code was used to save American lives throughout the war. Finally, I will talk about what happened to the after the war. By providing this information, I how that it will strike a new incite of what the unspoken heroes of World War II went through. During the beginning of World War II, the Japanese was able to break every code that the United States created. The Japanese had more solders that were fluent in English, making it easy to crack the codes and create false orders that would sent our solders to their death. While the U. S. military was struggling with a way to find an unbeatable code, a civilian came up with the answer. Philip Johnston, a civil engineer for the city of Los Angles, came across a news article stating that the military had an armored division in Louisiana that was using Native American languages for secret communications. Philip Johnston, son of William and Margaret Johnston, was a Protestant missionary to the Navajo for many years. Philip had spent his childhood with the Navajo and was one of the few outsiders to be fluent in the Navajo language. At an early age, he served as a translator for his parents and for other outsiders and by the age of nine, Philip traveled to Washington D.  C. to translate for a Navajo delegation that asked President Theodore Roosevelt to look into the governments treatment of the Navajos and their neighbors (AAaseng 1992, 18). Philip knew that the Navajo language was virtually impossible for an adult to master. Every syllable in the Navajo language had to pronounce correctly. Of one was to change the tone of the syllables, the word could have a completely different meaning, causing the sentence to misunderstood. This was due to the Navajo uses of four different tones, low, high, rising, and falling (AAaseng 1992, 18). Johnston had learned how secret codes where essential for military operation while enlisted with the French during World War I. The more he thought about it, the more convinced he was that it would work. In February of 1942, Johnston met with Lieutenant Colonel James Jones, a signal officer, and was greeted with uncertainty and misbelieves. Johnston pointed out that knowledge of other Native American languages would be of no use to the enemy in understanding the Navajo language. Navajos where so isolated from the world that the language was as foreign to other tribes as it was to outsiders. In addition to this, the Navajo language was a spoken language and had no alphabet and there for couldn’t be reduced to a written format that can be studied afar. After many hours of arguments and demonstrations, in March 1942, he was able to present a demonstration to an audience that included Major General Vogel and Colonel Wethered Woodward from the marine headquarters in Washington D. C. Johnston was able to gain the cooperation of four Navajos living in the Las Angeles area and a Navajo who was enlisted with the marines (AAaseng 1992, 21). He divided the four Navajos into two groups and had the sent messages back and forth, while the Navajo marine was attempting to translate the messages. After the demonstration, the Navajo Marine was unable to translate a signal word. General Vogel was so impressed that in February 1942, just two months after the booming of Pear Harbor, Philip Johnston was asked to prepare a proposal for organizing and using the Navajo code Talkers. In May 1942, the first 29 Navajo recruits attended boot camp. They were known as the â€Å"first 29. † At Camp Pendleton, Oceanside, California, this first group created the Navajo code. They developed an elaborate dictionary and hundreds of words for military terms [ (Navajo Code Talkers: World War II Fact Sheet n. d. ) ]. The dictionary and all code words had to be memorized during training for the Navajos where not allowed to write down any of of the code. Furthermore, while enlisted, they were not allowed to write to their families for fear that the letters would be used to try to break the code. Once the Navajo code talker completed his training, he was sent to a Marine unit who was deployed in the Pacific. The code talkers' primary job was to talk, transmitting information on tactics and troop movements, orders and other vital battlefield communications over telephones and radios. They also acted as messengers, and performed general Marine duties. While in combat, it was rumered that for each code talker, there was an officer assigned to protect him from cabture. If for any reason that the officer felt that the code would fall into enamy hands, the officer was ordered to kill the code talker to protect the code. One of the great triumphs for the Navajo code talkers was the battle at Iwo Jima in February of 1945. The island was so small that on most maps you couldn’t see the island at all. Although small, this island was of great importance. The new boomers that the United States were using, the B-29, was flying a 3000-mile round-trip when booming Japan. Due to the length of this trip many pilots where getting shot down. Iwo Jima was the answer. Iwo Jima would be able to be used as an emergency landing field to assist the pilot’s chances. At Iwo Jima, Major Howard Connor, 5th Marine Division signal officer, had six Navajo Code Talkers [ (Bingaman n. d. ) ]. The Major estimated that it would only take ten days, at the max, to win the battle. A month later, in March, was the island declared secure. By the end of the battle, the Navajo code talkers send and received over 800 messages, all without error, 6,800 U. S. soldiers died and nearly 20,000 more where wounded. Major Connor declared, â€Å"Were it not for the Navajos, the Marines would never have taken Iwo Jima† [ (AAaseng 1992, 88-97) ]. September 2, 1945 aboard the battleship A. S. S. Missouri in Tokyo Bay, the surrender from the Japanese was signed and World War II was officially over. The Navajo code was unable to be broken throughout the war. Because of this the code was classified as Top Secret and would remain so for over twenty years after the end of the war. It wasn’t until 1968 that the code was declassified and the Navajo code talkers would be able to tell their story. In 1982, the code talkers were given a Certificate of Recognition by U. S. President Ronald Reagan, who also named August 14, 1982 â€Å"Navajo Code Talkers Day† [ (Jr. n. d. ) ]. On December 21, 2000, Bill Clinton signed Public Law 106-554, 114 Statute 2763, which awarded the Congressional Gold Medal to twenty-nine World War II Navajo code talkers. In July 2001, U.  S. President George W. Bush personally presented the Medal to four surviving code talkers at a ceremony held in the Capitol Rotunda in Washington, DC. Gold medals were presented to the families of the 24 code talkers that where no longer with us [ (Gray 2001) ]. For many the Navajo code talkers played an important role in World War II. From when Johnston realized how the Navajo language would benefit America, the formation of the code, and how long it would take for the Navajo to be recognized for their part in the war, the Navajo where truly the unspoken heroes of World War II.

Ugly or Beautiful

Ugly or Beautiful? It is well known that beauty and ugliness are opposites. If that is so, how can art be ugly and beautiful at the same time? Some pieces of art are ugly to the eyes but beautiful mind. The Venus of Willendorf (Venus of Willendorf: 1-3) is an example of such. It is a small figure of a large woman. She has very large breast with skinny little arms rested on top of them. Her breast lay on her even larger stomach, which hangs down to just above her pubic area.Her pubic area and belly button are well defined but there is only small evidence of nipples. Starting at her wide hips her thighs touch and press together down to the knees, and then become much smaller than the rest of her. Her head is completely wrapped with what seem to be braids, with no face visible. This figure, at first glance, and second, isn’t one of beauty. After all, it is a rather plump nude woman with no face. But, looking closer and noticing where the emphasis lies gives it a different look.Th e woman’s breasts, stomach, and pubic area grab the most attention; all three of these being attributes of a woman’s fertility. It seems as though they are being used to show a celebration of her fertility and ability to have strong children like her. Looking deeper into this figure it can go from something ugly to something special. Another example would be Punitavati (Punitavati/Karaikkal Ammaiyar: Intro 8). Punitavati is a bronze sculpture of a rather grotesque woman. She is very lanky.She sits with her bony legs crossed and spread, her arms in front of her holding a small musical instrument. She has the face of a crone, with large high raised eyebrows, a long protruding nose, and a fang-toothed smile. Her entire body is bone skinny, except for a slight bulge in her stomach. This sculpture was made to symbolize her immense inner beauty. According to legend, this now hag-like woman was once stunning. Her husband had left her because she gave away one of his mangoes t o a beggar. She then turned her god, the Hindu Shiva, offering up her beauty.Shiva accepted, turning her into this figure. Her appalling appearance is used to show the beauty of her generosity and sacrifice. One other would be Rebellious Silence (Shirin Neshat, Rebellious Silence 20-33). This is a photograph of an Iranian woman, she is wearing a traditional Iranian women’s wardrobe, except her face is completely uncovered. Calligraphy is written across her entire face besides her eyes, and straight through the middle of her face she is holding up a gun barrel. This image wouldn’t strike most as an object of â€Å"beauty†.It does grab your attention though. It makes you stare at the woman who is staring so intensely back at you. She wants to make her presence known and speak out in a country that doesn’t see women as equal. She is a strong and defiant woman. The longer you hold her gaze the more you can see the beauty in her braveness. All art may not be p leasing to look at, but a lot of the time there something deeper and more appealing in the meaning. Sometimes you must search to find the beauty of something ugly.

A Pocket Full of Rye Essay Example

A Pocket Full of Rye Essay Example A Pocket Full of Rye Essay A Pocket Full of Rye Essay A Pocket Full of Rye: Journal Entry #1 (P. 1-24) What really stuck out to me as I was reading this, was the well, the obvious rye in Mr. Fortescues pocket. Why would something like that be there? I think maybe he feeds pigeons at a park or he might Just like rye, but still Now onto Inspector Neele. He seems fairly intelligent and hes able to get information out of people quite easily without them even knowing, as it shows on page 21, it states, Lance has got guts even if he did risk a criminal prosecution once- Oh dear, I oughtnt to have said that! This can allow the inspector to hopefully find the murderer. Anyway, I have a suspect in mind who could have been responsible for the murder. Im thinking Mr. Percival, his own son! That would be pretty cruel to murder your father. I think its him because recently theyVe been arguing due to, as it states on page 20, Well, Mr. Fortescue was doing a lot of things Mr. Percival thought unwise. You dont murder someone without reason, they alway s have a motive and that might be Percivals. Its still too early to make accusations, but its wise to keep him in mind. A pocket Full of Rye: Journal Entry #2 (P. 25-47) In these few pages we get bombarded with many new characters and with new haracters comes new suspects. I doubt it was the butler, Mr. Crump or the Chef, Mrs. Crump. I dont think it was the house maid Mrs. Ellen or Miss. Gladys. Miss. Dove is fairly innocent, but if she wanted she could have pulled off the murder. Shes a very efficient person as shes in charge of most things. She also does not really care for her employer, as it says on page 32, IVe no feeling of loyalty to my employers, so that might be a clue. In the end I think Miss. Dove most likely is innocent, but we cant be too sure. It could have also been anyone who was eating breakfast with Mr. Fortescue which includes, Mrs. Fortescue, Miss. Fortescue, and Mrs. Val Fortescue. That narrows it down, I dont think it was Miss. Fortescue or Elaine his daughter. It might be Mrs. Fortesuce, his wife whos thirty years younger and married for money or Mrs. Val who greatly despises him. Its hard to exactly pin point someone, but those are my main suspects as of now. A Pocket Full of Rye: Journal Entry #3 (P. 8-70) Finally we are introduced to Mrs. Fortescue. Shes one of my main suspects. Im thinking that she killed Mr. Fortescue. Her motive? The money. My logic is quite simple, she killed Mr. Fortescue so that she could inherit all his money, which is quite a lot. Thats Just what I think, theres no real evidence yet. Also as it states on page 53, On her lips was a very faint smile. So Adele or Mrs. Fortescue Just might be the murderer. We ca nt be too sure yet though. Im confused as to why Percy or Percival is reluctant to tell Inspector Neele of the argument. Maybe it has something to do with the murder? It can be Percivals motive, but to kill your own father? Thats a bit outrageous. Im wonaerlng I T Ms. RamsDottom Is sane. sne seems qulte alrlgnt, all she does is stay in her room. Surely she has nothing to do with the murder? She does despise Rex (Mr. Fortescue) though. It seems like everyone hates Rex as of now. Ms. Ramsbottom, Mrs. Val, Percival, etc. Very shortly Lance the other son will be coming. I think hell be a big help in discovering the murderer. A Pocket Full of Rye: Journal Entry #4 (P. 71-98) Well this part was full of surprises. I mean, Adele Fortescue has been poisoned! Cyanide to be exact. I thought she might have been a suspect. I casted her as a murderess, but I guess not. Another death was of Gladys the housemaid. Two deaths already? Right after Mr. Fortesuces! This was rather surprising, I thought the deaths would have ceased as the inspector is in the house. Whoever it is, they are certainly cunning to be able to pull it off. I infer that Vivian Dubois might have something to do with the murder, but Im not too sure. This narrows down the suspect even further, yet it seems more puzzling. Another part that puzzled me was on page 98, it states, There was a clothes peg clipped on her face. Is this some kind of twisted Joke from the murderer? This reminds me of the Joker, twisted, but not broken. A pocket Full of Rye: Journal Entry #5 (P. 99-132) This part has certainly probed my thoughts about the murderer. Obviously he was basing it off the nursery, Blackbirds. I doubt its all a coincidence. It all fits together perfectly, the king in his counting house, the scones and honey, and the clothes peg. Miss. Marple seems quite intelligent to be able to fgure that out. I predict that she might be the one to crack the mystery instead of the inspector. After all it is called a Miss Marple Mystery, so she maybe more than Just an ordinary character. One thing thats quite curious is Vivians behavior. Hes quite cautious much like Percival. Speaking of Percival, he hasnt been around much recently which is quite convenient for him. Could this be a clue? Or is this Just all a fluke? Another thing is the marmalade. Mr. Fortescue was the only one who used it which caused his death as the marmalade had taxine. It had been tampered with, but I wonder who it is? Clearly that would have made the murder much more efficient. I guess well Just find out further on. A pocket Full of Rye: journal Entry (P. 133-160) Why was Mrs. Val so nervous at the mention of blackbirds? Does she have something to do with putting the blackbirds on Mr. Fortescues desk? The blackbirds in the pie also sparked my curiosity. Who would do that? Im thinking whoever put the blackbirds are also related to the murders. It could be a possibility. Another curious character at the moment is Vivian. He seems very likely to be the murderer. From his point of view, he killed Mr. Fortescue so he could have Adele, then maybe he killed her then to obtain the money. You never know, they are very unpleasant people. But theres a fatal flaw, as states on page 159, Adele would not inherit the money if she didnt survive one month. Maybe it isnt Vivian. Who could it be? Also about Mr. Fortescues illness, GPI would have put his firm under the rocks. Percival has always been a cunning and sly fellow. Hes very passionate about economics and his money. Mayoe ne took out Mr. Fortescue In order to restraln nlm ana save tne Tlrm? Mayoe, thats definitely a possibility. I can certainly imagine him planning it all out. It seems to become more puzzling as the story progress, but Im sure everything will be clear soon. A pocket Full of Rye: Journal Entry #7 (P. 161-190) Regarding Mrs. MacKenzie, shes definitely in the asylum for a reason. Shes almost scary carrying her book with names in it. It reminds me of the show Death Note. I wonder, where her children are. According to her, he died and she doesnt have a daughter. Apparently she erased her completely. Maybe her daughter is the one responsible for everything? It seems to have become even more complex than before. Also on page 190, how can Miss. Marple be sure that therell be no more murders? Does she know something that the inspector doesnt? She does seem fairly intelligent, but then again so is the inspector. One thing that Im surprised about is Lance going into the business. He doesnt seem like the type to wear a suit and go to work in an office every day. Mentioning that, why is Percival so against Lance Joining him? Shouldnt he be happy he now has extra help? Then again he does despise Lance, but I can shake off the feeling that Percival may have something to do with this hole scenario. You never know, he seems like a slippery fellow. A pocket Full of Rye: Journal Entry (P. 191-239) First things first, I cant believe it was Lance! Its crazy, I never even suspected him! I thought he was going to be the good guy in this story and his brother Percival was bad. Lancelot Fortescue murder Rex Fortescue, Gladys Martin, and Adele Fortescue all so that he could obtain money. That is very wicked and as they say, wickedness wont go unpunished. Who would have actually thought that he would be the suspect? I do admire his bravery to go and commit such a thing and his intelligence to actually lan this all together. A mastermind wouldnt even be able to come up with a devious plan like this. It Just shows how intelligent Miss. Marple is to be able to come up with this. I underestimated her abilities. I do feel bad for Pat and Gladys though. Pat really loved Lance, but will she after she finds out about all of this? Also Gladys, she was well not entirely innocent, but she didnt deserve to die! He basically used her to complete his scheme. Even though Lance committed all of this, I cant really look at him as being evil. Maybe its respect, I mean I wouldnt have ever thought it was him. Hes truly an evil genius.

Report on an engineering hero Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Report on an engineering hero - Assignment Example An instance of his psychic power was that he experienced almost three shocks of revelations and later he went to find his wife where he found that the nurse of his wife experienced intoxication and his wife was found in a scared state (Pebblesspiritualcave.com, 2014). While he was associated with the field of spiritualism he made several contributions which are upheld and studied during present times. During the period of 1869 he proved that hearing spiritual voices was not a result of an individual’s imagination and they actually occur. To prove this he stated that he experienced three raps and later he received a letter from D.D. Home which stated that the sender of the letter was informed by the spirits that Varley had experienced three raps and thus he concluded that spirits do exist (Andriopoulos, 2005). Later on he went to prove the phenomenon of life after death. To prove his phenomenon he conducted a study in New York which was based on voices that were created by people who were already dead. He hypothesized that these voices were not created due to electricity or even magnetism and he concluded that after death, an individual’s spirits still exist but in a different world and they communicate with the humans on earth. Even though Varley continued to promote his findings in the field of spiritualism but he faced severe criticism. He was not only connected with the field of spiritualism, he even made ample amount of advancement in the field of communication. He started off by joining a new startup company named Electric Telegraphy during the period of 1846 and within a span of only 6 years he managed to occupy the position of chief engineer and by the end of 1861 he was running the entire company. During his stay with the telegraph company he identified several ways to find out issues with devices in order to enhance the performance of

Rewrite Response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Rewrite Response - Essay Example It would be more logical that as women have a bigger say in the content of comic strips there would be an incline in positive representation of female characters. Because I do not read comic books frequently, I found Scott McClouds’ comic strip somewhat difficult to comprehend, more often getting lost in the design. However, his pursuit for modification of genres in comic book, to diverge from the conventional male superhero/damsel in distress story flow that encompasses various gender labels. I settle with McCloud on the control of comic books, and the effect they can have on the person who read, similarly as we are influenced by print and mass media. Hence, the significance of the need for comic books authors to streamline gender disparities in comics and use their control to change the gender labels. According to As Glascock and Preston-Schreck findings, despite noticeable progress has manifested in the inclusion of women and girls in print media comics in the recent 20 years, many predetermined labels in day to day comics in recent paper remain benchmarks in current papers(428). Underrepresentation women is not limited only to comic books but also the media as well, if this continues the thinking of people our society will remain conventional and will hamper drive towards gender equality. I disagree with the part McCloud’s comic when he wrote that in certain circumstances, the fight for gender balance and representation of minority seem at balances with genre issues. The preceding two reasons for representation of the world as it is through a body of work, yet the later seems bent toward our concern to diverge form it (124). My view of extending genres does not mean deterrence from reality; rather a paradigm of focus from male dominated storylines to more gender- balance plots, and holistic inclusion of women. My opinion is that the three goals are intertwined and with a more varied genres it is possible to instill

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Benjamin franklin, testimony against the stamp act - Essay Example Instead, here it is possible to see that the way diplomacy was handled between the two before the revolution and before the United States was formed. The transcript is the biggest part of the document, and in it Benjamin Franklin answers questions with honesty, and seems to be treated with respect. He says that the colonies â€Å"objected only to direct taxes,† which apparently was not understood in England, and claims that people in the Americas would only pay the stamp duty â€Å"unless compelled by force of arms,† basically meaning that England would have to go to war with them. While this seems like something that is obvious today, presumably the people in England genuinely did not have any idea about how the colonies felt. It is easy to see from the cleverness and straightforward quality of Franklins answers why the author of the summary included with the transcript says that securing the repeal of the act â€Å"greatly enhanced his reputation both in England and

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Violent Sports should be Banned Essay To start with, Sports is basically an activity done for pleasure, which needs physical effort and skill. Some people, who dedicate themselves to this activity, consider it as a passion to compete against others in their skill, ability and spirit. Sports also help in inculcating a certain discipline as well as the spirit of brotherhood or the ‘team spirit’ in the sports persons. Sports ideally are not meant to do anything with violence. Sports for some is a mode of attaining fame, for some it is their job. Some do it as their hunger to compete and win, while the others take it as an enjoyment to watch. But, in today’s scenario, the sports that include aggressive activities are gaining more popularity, as they present much a way of entertainment to the spectators. Since the youth are more volatile by nature they enjoy these ‘violent sports’ such as boxing, kick boxing, wrestling etc. Today’s Young generation does not make an effort to know the grave dangers that these sports put. The dangers that these sports cause are susceptibility to major accidents that may even prove to be even worse than fatal. The injuries which may be for lifetime may be a cause of greater torture and helplessness than death itself. Certain instances in the past, such as the accident of Fred Guirrero and ‘Umaga’ because of accidents during the match have resulted in their death in the arena themselves. Also, these violent sports are responsible for major injuries to the sportspersons, such as rupture of the spine, brain haemorrhage, excessive blood loss, irregular clotting etc. Not only the sportspersons are affected by these kinds of sports, but also, the viewers get an indirect impact on them. Young children as well as adults, try to imitate the actions that take place in these sports. Statistics say that almost 15000 deaths take place annually in the USA because of people imitating the sportspersons of boxing, wrestling, sword fighting etc. Repeated watching of such sports unconsciously affects the very psyche of the young which ultimately reflect in their behaviour in their social environment. One of the major causes of ‘road rage’, shooting spree by teenagers in their own schools and colleges, acts of suicide, involvement in murders, loots etc, are the consequences of being in constant influence these ‘violent sports’ and other such activities. What is the logic behind sportspersons indulging themselves in such inhuman activities and the viewers watching blood smeared sportsmen in  the ring with broken limbs? It seems greed of money is prompting certain people to participate in such type of violent activity. Also, it is very contradictory to the spirit of sports that they spread violence and suffering instead of providing pleasure and joy. So in my opinion I strongly refute the proposition of those who argue in support of the continuation of such ‘violent sports’. They should be allowed neither to continue on human as well as moral grounds.

Nestlés Expansion into China | Analysis

Nestlà ©s Expansion into China | Analysis This paper is about the worlds largest and most famous food company Nestlà ©. If you read this paper, you will not only learn some history and management information about Nestlà ©, but you can also know how Nestlà © makes the decision to come to China and the specific process of development and getting success in Chinese market. This paper will mainly tell about four sections detailed for you. Besides, we will show you our group members thinking about Nestlà © in the conclusion. The followings are main information about four sections. Section I is about the history of Nestlà © Company. Henri Nestlà © found the company in Switzerland in the mid 1860s. Farine Lactà ©e Henri Nestlà ©, the name of Nestlà ©s first product, which saved a premature babys life and soon marketed in Europe. Then Nestlà © expands very quickly all over the world. In 1905, Nestlà © merged with the Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company and this is the beginning of Nestlà ©s expansion. Wars can always bring big changes into the world. World War II has greatly helped popularize Nescafe and Nescafe coffee became a kind of popular beverages for American servicemen. Nestlà © comes to China because of the large potential markets. Now, they have manufacturing factories in many cities in China. Section II is about where did Nestlà © expand and whether did the company expand elsewhere. Nestlà © is one of the largest food and beverage company in the world. It has abundant manufacturing facilities in almost the entire world. It is also about Nestlà © how to cultivate the relationship with Chinese government and citizen and make china become a good market for them. Because traditional Chinese didnt have the habit to drink coffee, Nestlà © have to cultivate Chinese the style of habit by advertisement and a variety of means. Nestlà © tried his best to break market barrier that he can integrated into Chinese market quickly. The Chairman of Nestlà © (China) who is called Mr. Dà ©cor vet thought that there are much difference between Chinese conceptualizes food and western food. So if Nestlà © wants to integrate into local market quickly, they must respect Chinese brands unique qualities. Section III is about the form that Nestlà © came into China. When Nestlà © first came into china in 1987, it chose Shuangcheng which is located in Heilongjiang province to develop itself. However, at that time, Nestlà © didnt have much power, so it chose partnership. In order to improve the level of training that was provided to the local farmers, Nestlà © decided to cooperate with the Shuangcheng government. After developing a long time, Nestlà © choose another partnership with Yinlu. Later, Nestlà © chose joint venture with Yinlu and Hsu Fu Chi to strengthen itself. Resulting from these two forms coming into China, Nestlà © has got a great popularity in all generations in China. Nestlà © makes many profits and it bring much benefit to Chinese at the same time. Section IV is about the organization structure taken by Nestlà © in coming to China. Nestlà © is very successful and it used a proper organizational structure. The matrix structure is efficient and effective. The structure is very flexible and can respond rapidly to the need for change. The key strategy taken by Nestlà © in coming to China is developing partnership. The strategy helps Nestlà © achieve great success in the market of China. Nestlà © develops quickly in China with not only partnership, but also with joint venture. Nestlà © also have four levels in hierarchy. The four parts are respectively, board of directors, executive board, honorary chairman and financial transactions. Nestlà © Company is a decentralized and aligned organization. There are typically three levels of management in organizations: top-level, middle-level, and first-level. Our group is made up of five persons who are Pauline, Serena, Quinn, Hathaway and Mike. Pauline is the leader of the group and she is responsible for the section III and the second question in the section IV. As the leader of the group, Pauline also writes the executive summary to totally introduce the whole paper. Quinn is responsible for the section I and the first question in the section II. Mike who is the only boy in our group is responsible for the remaining five questions in the section II. Serena and Hathaway are both responsible for the section IV. The former writes the front four questions except the second one and the latter introduces the eventual four questions. All of our group members write the conclusion together, because we feel that all of us should know what general content about our work is and we can finish the conclusion better with discussion. We decide this plan for the project, because Quinn as well as Mike is patient, so they are suitable for some detailed q uestions, such as history of Nestlà ©. Pauline is good at organizing and combining the information, so she write about the form Nestlà © came into China, which is connected to the current condition of Nestlà © in China. Serena and Hathaway can do a good job in researching, so they write the organization structure. In order to be fair, each group member writes about three to four big questions. Section I starts at page 3. Three sections left start respectively at page 6, 8 and 10. We all feel very happy to finish the paper in this way. We divide the research and information into six groups, which are four sections, a summary and a conclusion. In four sections, we beginning introduce the history of Nestlà © from which people can know the basic information about Nestlà ©. And then, we tell about the reasons for Nestlà © came to China and the form of Nestlà © came to China. The last section is about organization structure taken by Nestlà © that is deep-going content about Nestlà ©. After reading these four sections, people can know much about Nestlà © and how it goes in China. At last, we talk over each other and write the conclusion that expresses our further thinking and understanding about Nestlà ©. We also use the executive summary to tell reader the general information about our company and the arrangement of our paper. We all sincerely hope that readers will like our paper about Nestlà ©. Section I: History of  Nestlà © In the mid 1860s, Nestlà © was run in Switzerland by Henri Nestlà ©. At the very beginning, Nestlà © was found to help those mothers who have problems in breastfeeding babies. Henri realized the need for baby formulas and decided to create this kind of new products. He mixed cows milk, flour and sugar up to provide babies with necessary nutrition. Farine Lactà ©e Henri Nestlà © was the name of its first product. It saved a premature babys life and soon marketed in Europe. (English Tea Store, English Tea Store, , October 30, 2012) The Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company, whose founders were Americans Charles and George Page, merged with Nestlà © after they had been fierce competitors for a long time. Finally, they formed the Nestlà © and Anglo-Swiss Milk Company together. (Nestlà ©, Nestlà ©, , October 27, 2012) Heiko Schipper, managing director of Nestlà © Food Beverage, Greater China region claimed that they were planning to increase their investment in China and treated coffee business as one of the key growth engines. (CHINADAILY, Li Fngfang, , October 27, 2012) Take coffee as an example. As we all know, Brazil is famous for coffee. At the outset, Nestlà © developed soluble coffee to help Brazilian farmers solve problems about hardship and crop waste. This is an early example of innovation and sustainable development for Nestlà © Company. (Nescafe, Nescafe, , October 30, 2012) Nestlà © expands into China because of the potential of markets in China. The Chinese coffee market has increased 15 percent annually during these years, far higher than the global average. Xiong Xiangru, secretary-general of the Yunnan Coffee Association, predicted that Chinas coffee consumption will reach 1 trillion Yuan annually in 10 years, and the mature market could be worth as much as 3 trillion Yuan by 2030. This may encourage Nestlà © to come to China to a great extent. (CHINADAILY, Li Fngfang, , October 30, 2012) In 1905   the Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company merged with Nestlà © and this is Nestlà ©s first expansion. (Nestlà ©, Nestlà ©, , October 27, 2012) World War II has greatly helped popularize Nescafe. Before the war, initial launch of Nescafe was slow. Nescafe coffee became a very common beverage for American servicemen in Europe and Asia when USA entered the war. Coffee helps people relaxed and gives them energy when they feel tired. This kind of amazing beverage became popular very soon. (Nestlà ©, Nestlà ©, , October 27, 2012) In China, sales have grown around 20%, which shows the potential of developing economies. However, Nestlà © has been losing market share and this may be changed by purchasing. Take Pfizer as an example. Nestlà © bought Pfizer to be more competitive. Reports showed that about 85% of sales for Pfizers business came from developing economies and about one-third of the Pfizer units revenue is from China. The acquisition of Pfizers business which came at a premium price will go a long way to addressing that China problem by adding about $800 million in sales in that country people related said about that. (Msn MONEY, Jim J. Jubak,  , October 27, 2012) Nestlà © has many manufacturing factories oversea. It obeys all rules and standards, such as ISO 14001 (environmental management), OHSAS 18001 (occupational health and safety) and ISO 22000 (food safety management systems). The company controls all parts of manufacturing. That doesnt mean that we will not co-manufacture where there are advantages to doing so, such as speed to market or access to technology, McIntosh says, but we invariably find that we are much more cost-effective in-house than out-of-house. (FOOD PROCESSING, Bob Sperber, Plant Operations Editor, , October 30, 2012) Nestlà © set its first Chinese RD center in Shanghai in purpose to open Asian markets. We continue to invest in our RD capability in Asia, because we know this brings us closer to local consumers, and gives us a greater understanding of the raw materials used to make the products they enjoy, says Johannes Baensch, head of Nestlà ©s research and development division. (Tce, Richard Jansen, , October 30, 2012) Now Nestlà © has companies in many places, such as Guangdong, Shandong, Zhejiang, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Fujian, Anhui, Beijing, Sichuan and so on. It has been expanding steps by steps. (Food China net, Food China net, http://www.foodchinanet.com/supplier/Nestlà ©/>, October 28, 2012) Section II:  Nestlà © Expansion Roland Dà ©cor vet, the food giants China chief executive, said that in spite of facing its own economic slowdown, offers Nestlà © long-term growth opportunities. As now, middle class is playing more important roles in society and this definitely leads to increasing need for dairy products and on-the-go foods. China is a country with a large popularity and it can provide Nestlà © with larger markets they dont assume before. Hsu Fu Chi, a famous candy company, Nestlà © bought a 60% stake from it to bet on big growth in China. This can be powerful evidence that predicts China is a part of a bigger globalization strategy for Nestlà ©. The purpose of the company is to take more shares in Chinese markets and make its globalization conduct well. (THE WALL STREET JOURNAL, LAURIE BURKITT and JOHN REVILL, , October 30, 2012) Nestlà © is one of the largest food and beverage company in the world. There are more than 450 manufacturing facilities in over 80 countries and Nestlà © markets its products in 130 countries across the world. Nestlà © have planed to disease-resistant coffee plants to famers who are in many developing countries such as Mexico, Indonesia by private institutions because he wants to produce Raw materials and sell their product easily in these countries. In 60 countries, Nestlà © has more than 400 factories and employs abundant employees of local person. Nestlà © has expanded almost the entire world and it is a super company. (Facts and figures Nescafe Plan, Nestlà ©, page 1, November 8, 2012) As a transnational enterprise who has a long-term development plan, the most important development strategy for Nestlà © is to find the market which has development potential. In 1987 of the China, the tide of reform and opening up is slowly forward, society as a whole business environment is in a vigorous development of the embryonic stage. Because of its vast size, many Chinese provinces, and each district economy development is not balanced, protectionism, these elements for any foreign enterprise especially transnational enterprise, is a strong resistance. In order to cultivate the relationship with Chinese local government and citizen, Nestlà © constructed a new farming institute in Heilongjiang province. Nestlà © agreed to support technical assistance and train for local famers. Nestlà © want to get win-win by working with famers in this way. (Nestlà © leads dairy development in China with new training institute, Nestlà ©, , November 8, 2012) For Nestlà © who has rich experience, how to break the market barrier and integrate into local market is very important. Nescafe knew that if he wants to root in china firmly, he must consider how to seek the economic benefits to the local people and win their favor in order to solve the problem of Nescafe that it can have milk enough, Nestlà © sent a team of experts from Europe. Not only did it establish a collection network and acquisition system to encourage farmers enthusiasm, but also he taught farmers about dairy technology and milking technology. This is a very difficult thing at that time and it is also more difficult than training a qualified engineer for Nestlà ©. In this way, not only did Nestlà © solve the problem of raw materials supplement, but also it provided a stable daily income for local farmers, there are many farmers and their families living have been fundamentally improved due to its help. The development of ways that could assist the local economic develo pment and help farmers to improve the income which got the Chinese government high approval, meanwhile it helped Nescafe win a good social image. (Nestlà ©s management of dairy supply chain in China, Nestlà ©, , November 8, 2012) Chinas coffees consumption is few at that time, so Nescafe had the problems of supplement at the beginning. Traditional Chinese didnt have the habit to drink coffee. With natural, healthy concept winning the support among the people, tea beverage grows steadily in china. Nestlà ©s opponent is not the coffee sugar , but Chinese traditional tea. When Nescafes instant coffee was introduced to China, Nescafe planed to cultivate the Chinese habit of drinking coffee by advertisement and a variety of means in face of Chinese traditional tea drinking habits. It intended to attract a group of young to choose coffee by Propagandizing that drinking coffee is a kind of fashion, the trend, successfully, and then Nescafe coffee could increase his sales volume in the market. Nescafe admits that he has enough patience to cultivate market and improve product quality. At the same time, in order to suit ones measures to local conditions, Nestlà © designed promotional strategy that minimized the SP ac tivity, and turn to advertising and public relations, to establish long-term consumption preference. For example, in Shanghai, Nescafe Company is enthusiast to support university community activities, such as theatrical festival land English corner. The company is also willing to make special subject report in University and give company information and culture to students. (The Nestlà © People Development Review, Nestlà ©, page 37, November 8, 2012) Mr. Dà ©cor vet who is Chairman of Nestlà © (China) thought that the Chinese conceptualize food and westerns have much difference, and Nestlà © must respect Chinese brands unique qualities and learn from them in order that company can integrate into local market quickly. He also thought that they need to teach farmers about dairy technology and milking technology because it can help them to cultivate the relationship with local government and Resident. (CELBS, June, , November 8, 2012) Section III:  Nestlà © in China When Nestlà © first came into china in 1987, it chose Shuangcheng which is located in Heilongjiang province to develop itself. However, at that time, Nestlà © didnt have much power, so it chose partnership. In order to improve the level of training that was provided to the local farmers, Nestlà © decided to cooperate with the Shuangcheng government. In this way, Nestlà © could make much progress and improve its service and the quality of products, which can attract more consumers. They all knew that good training can improve peoples overall quality which plays an important role in team work. Considering that local farmers lacked money, Nestlà © provided economic assistance for them and distributed many free milking machines to them. Due to this help, local farmers didnt need to manufacture dairy products with hand, which improved the efficiencies and effectiveness. This measure really did well to local farmers and improved the speed and quality of producing dairy products. Nestl à © made much effort to develop the rural area during years, and the company has also provided credit guarantees to farmers which ensure the potential to grow farmers businesses. Therefore, local farmers were all full of energy to expand dairy products and were confident that they can make success. The partnership work between Nestlà © and Shuangcheng government is called Creating Shared Value, which tried to make profits for the companys shareholders and those communities where it operates at the same time. During decades, Nestlà © has made Shuangcheng play the important role in the dairy districts. (Nestlà © leads dairy development in China with new training institute, Nestlà ©, , October 30, 2012f) After cooperating with Shuangcheng government, Nestlà © has made many profits, and it also helped the local city develop a lot. Nestlà © didnt want to stop there, so it looked for another target and finally chose another partnership with a Chinese family-owned firm Yinlu. As Yinlu has a long history in China, it has already got a good reputation. Moreover, Yinlu established a significant market for ready-to-drink peanut milk as well as canned rice porridge in China. Nestlà © wanted to combine its technology with Yinlus reputation to make much progress. Therefore, Nestlà © declared that it had taken some stake in Yinlu. Considering that Yinlu is a co-manufacturer for ready-to-drink Nescafe coffee in China, Nestlà © has decided to cooperate with it and achieved successful achievement with Yinlu before this agreement. The CEO of Nestlà © considered that the partnership between two companies would bring healthy, affordable and tasty products to all consumers in China. Of course, th e foregoing goal must be based not only on Yinlus entrepreneurship, product expertise, and consumer understanding, but also on Nestlà ©s innovation and renovation capabilities. The chairman Chen of Yinlu thought that the partnership represents a very significant landmark which is in Yinlus long-standing aspiration to be a typical and favorite brand for customers. As Nestlà © comes into China over twenty years and cooperates with local companies in China, it operates 23 factories and employs 14,000 people, which really do well for Chinese. (Nestlà © to enter partnership with Chinese food company Yinlu, Nestlà ©, , October 30, 2012) However, partnership was not the only option of Nestlà © to come into China. As Nestlà © develops many years in China, it chose partnership at first and then it expanded for joint venture. Nestlà © uses two RD units in Xiamen and Dongguan to support its joint ventures with Chinese food companies Yinlu and Hsu Fu Chi. Moreover, the unit in Xiamen will specialize in ready-to-drink beverages and will support Yinlu. Hsu Fu Chi is a famous snack-selling company in China, and it enjoys the large popularity among all ages in China. Therefore, Nestlà © and Hsu Fu Chi had got much benefit from the joint venture. Two companies looked forward to the long-term cooperation. Head of RD in Nestlà © thought that Nestlà © would continue to invest in their RD because of this program bringing them closer to local consumers who are very important for their future market. The investment in Xiamen and Dongguan reflects its long-term commitment to improve nutrition and food science in China. The join t venture helps Nestlà © become more popular among Chinese and now almost every young person knows the watchword of Nestlà © which says Good Food, Good Life. (Nestlà © strengthens research and development capability in China, Nestlà ©, , October 30, 2012) Nestlà © makes the decision that it chooses partnership and joint venture to come into China, and these decisions are based on some considerable factors. China has a large amount of persons and its economy wasnt developed fast in 1980s. As this current condition in China, Nestlà © decided to expand its investment and development. Therefore, Nestlà © decided to exploit this potential market. However, at that time, Chinese couldnt be used to and accept Nestlà ©s products. In this way, Nestlà © chose partnership and joint venture, from which it can be easily accepted by local Chinese and it can improve its technology and taste of products. Nestlà © believed that its partnership and joint venture would get success. Whats more, Nestlà © will go further in China. (Cereal partners worldwide transcript, Nestlà ©, page 3, October 30, 2012) Section IV: Organization Structure in China The strategy is the most important contingency. The key strategy taken by Nestlà © in coming to China is developing partnership. In order to create supply chains, Nestlà © has built great infrastructure through the China. Through these years, Nestlà © in China has developed partnership with many brands, including 6 China famous brands, 1 strong regional brand. Besides, it has developed leadership in 11 categories. Nestlà © Company focuses on 3 platforms. All of platforms have clear strengths and expertise. Each of platforms has planned explicit strategies. Key accounts of Nestlà © Dry Grocery are few key distributors. Yinlu and Ready-to-drink coffee are high point of sales coverage, and distribute mostly to lower-tier cities. The direct distribution of Hsu Fu Chi is pick mix and impulse model. (Our partnerships have enhanced Nestlà ©s capability, Nestlà ©, page 10, October 29, 2012) Besides, the human resources are also the most important contingency. Today, across the country, there are 21 factories and Nestlà ©s employs around China are 13,000 people. Every day, its coffee, bouillon, milk and ice cream products are distributed in China, which are its best-sellers. Nestlà ©s will also employ 1,500 workers to meet the goals that that have settled for 2013. Nestlà ©s human assets are one of the most important characteristics that differentiate it in the marketplace. Identifying, recruiting, and retaining top talent across its company are only the beginnings of the story. Human resources teams of Nestlà © cultivate its culture through employee learning and foster its sustained growth by ensuring employee passion is directed to help deliver on business goals. (Nestlà © China hires 1,500 for new bouillon factory, Xieli Lee, Singapore, , October 29, 2012) Yes, I think it is organized in the best way. The partnerships have drastically changed the capabilities of Nestlà ©s with Yinlu, Hsu Fu Chi and so on. Human resources of Nestlà © in China cultivate culture through employee learning and foster sustained growth by ensuring employee passion is directed to help deliver on business goals. As a tycoon in the field of food, Nestlà © has an all-round system and uses part of job characteristics to manage its employees. Nestlà © applies good compliance to help it earn trust with its employees, consumers, investors and governments. Nestlà © opened Nestlà © Business Services Africa in Accra, Ghana. Result from Nestlà ©s compliance and reasonable arrangement, NBS will get support from employees from many countries with some activities such as invoice payment and payroll. All employees who are under these thoughtful arrangements try their best to use all kinds of skills to make contributions to Nestlà ©, no matter in manufacturing or purchasing, which reflects skill variety. Furthermore, Nestlà © makes a project concerning health and safety regimes in all countries, and these countries make many operations. Nestlà © also pay much attention to protection of the health and welfare of employees and contractors. Therefore, employees can focus on the task, and be responsibl e for whole of it, which reflects the task identity. (Nestlà © annual report 2011, Nestlà ©, , October 29, 2012) The CEO of Nestlà © (China) said that Nestlà ©s manufacturing mission in China is to produce advanced, world class quality dairy products for all generations in China. Above all, the quality and safety of products are non-negotiable. In order to get this goal, all employees are committed to it, which reflects task significance. They set direct relationship with local farmers and make a unique dairy collection model. Besides, they make the world-class production and processing, and apply the latest technology and safety standards. All of these actions are based on their attention to task significance. (Nestlà ©s management of dairy supply chain in China, Nestlà ©, ,) October 30, 2012 As a manger of Nestlà © Company, in order to increase the number of tasks for a given job to reduce boredom, he can increase motivation by asking employees to do more sound counter-intuitive. The job can be enlarged. In order to increase the degree of responsibility a worker has over a job and increase workers involvement. A manager can divided employees into departments. When workers typically specialize in one area and the manager instead pitch in wherever their help is needed, the job can be enriched. At last, active management of the enrichment and enlargement process will achieve the greatest return. The job of a manager can be enlarged and enriched. Nestlà © Company uses a matrix structure. The organizational structure groups people and resources by function and product. Each employee has two bosses- functional manager and product manager. The structure is very flexible and can respond rapidly to the need for change. As we can see, Nestlà ©s Company as a decentralized organization allows its subordinate organizations to enjoy a relatively high-level of autonomy. It makes major strategy decisions at the headquarter level, and daily operations are left up to subordinate organizations to derive and implement. (Organizational Chart Nestlà © TheOfficialBoard, Theofficialboard, , October 29, 2012) Some other organizational structures are greater efficiency or effectiveness. Firstly, I think the move to a product team structure can lead to greater efficiency or effectiveness. The members are permanently assigned to the team and empowered to bring a product to market. The great strength of a product team structure is that this structure avoids two people with two different ideas, since people always take different opinions on the same issue and it may sometimes cause a lot of conflicts. The weaknesses of matrix structure the Nestlà © in China uses is that it demands functional and product team bosses. So the product team structure solves the problem efficiency. A product team structure, with one manager in charge of the entire process, generally reduces a d cut down the conflicts between managers. The team remains focused on the product rollout, with the manager removing obstacles from the staff members path. Besides, a functional organization which is included in a product group can share information about its particular discipline. Whats more, cross-fu nctional team is composed of a group of managers from different, so all of the members have a chance to grow within their functional area. Each employ can take more managerial roles and play the better role in a product team. In this way, staff members work together, chasing for the same goal and finishing the same product, and the job can be done quite well. Secondly, I think the move to a Hybrid structure can lead to greater efficiency or effectiveness. The structure of a large organization that has many divisions a simultaneously uses many different organizational structures. Manager can choose the best structure that can lead to the company more effective and efficient. There are many structures, like functional structure, geographic structure and so on. As the worlds biggest food company, the factories and markets of Nestlà © are settled up the entire world. In China, there have been 21 factories now. Different areas have different situations. So the company should divide different structures for each city in China. The ability to break a large organization into smaller units makes it easier to manage. For an example, in Chinas local market, Yihaodian, has grown rapidly and built up an amazing supply chain network in a short time. As the largest B2C online supermarket in China, it won the title of the most popular mall and the most popular food beverage mall of the year at 2011-2012 the second China top retail network selection list award this year in Beijing. As the new chain, if Nestlà © just use the same structure of Hsu Fu Chi or Yinlu, the chain may be not work well. So it is important to choose the best structure for each of the special chain. Whats more, as the worlds biggest food company, there are many challenges. The company need have the ability to adjust each structure for each chain when meet some emergencies and choose the best structure to meet challenges. In my opinion, the move to a Hybrid structure can lead to greater efficiency or effectiveness.