Essay on Crito

Essay on Crito Essay on Crito Essay on CritoCrito in Plato’s dialogue tries to persuade Socrates to escape from prison, where the philosopher is awaiting his punishment. In this essay we will analyse Crito’s arguments and Socrates’ counterarguments.Crito’s arguments are mostly based on a basic premise that the opinion of the many must be taken into account by the individual. Hence, the predominance of such arguments in Crito’s speech. He states, for example, that if Socrates won’t escape, people will believe that he and other friends of Socrates were able to help, but that they did not care to or valued money more than the life of their friend. Also, later on in his speech, Crito points out that â€Å"I  am ashamed not only of you, but of us who are your friends, when I reflect  that this entire business of yours will be attributed to our want of courage† (Jowett, 2009). Apart from these â€Å"social† reasons, Crito states some personal reasons. If Socra tes is executed, he will lose a dear friend. He assures Socrates in their full support and confirms his right to manage their wealth in any way, which could facilitate philosopher’s escape. On the other hand, Crito reminds him of his enemies, who would be pleased to learn about Socrates’ demise; he reminds the philosopher about his children, who would lose a father and would be destined to live in hardship.Socrates, in contrast, holds to the belief that the opinion of many is not important. A man, an individual, must heed the opinion of those who have understanding of the matter. From this premise stem all further Socrates’ objections to Crito’s arguments. Socrates believes that â€Å"neither injury nor retaliation  nor warding off evil by evil is ever right† (Jowett, 2009). A man must do only what he thinks is right to do. In this way, Socrates proves, that by escaping he will wrong the state and its laws, as well as its people, with whom he had so long resided. By an act of defying the laws of the state the individuals leads that state to eventual destruction, for he creates a precedent, by which anyone who is not satisfied by a certain law is able to defy it. Even if the accusations are unjust (as it is in Socrates’ case), a convict must persuade the judges otherwise or silently obey the sentence. As a professor of true virtues, Socrates would betray his own ideals by doing wrong to the state, which had raised and educated him, and with which he has a pact, sealed willingly. More so, he claims that even should he escape, he would be seen as a lawbreaker and scorned for it in any other state, and in areas which have no laws, he will be a curiosity, a clown to laugh at, but not to be respected: â€Å"You will live, but how? – as the flatterer  of all men, and the servant of all men; and doing what? – eating and drinking  in Thessaly, having gone abroad in order that you may get a dinner. And  wh ere will be your fine sentiments about justice and virtue then?† (Jowett, 2009). About his children he says that it would be unfair to deprive them of Athenian citizenship. Finally, if he does no wrong, he will depart his life as a victim of men, a martyr that follows the sacred laws of justice.As we had proven by the present argument analysis, the only possible solution to Socrates’ situation was to obey the laws of his motherland and stay in prison despite Crito’s urging him to escape. As a philosopher and a truly wise man, Socrates had understood this and stayed firm in his decision, though he was obviously tempted by the possibility of escape. But he held his ideals of justice and virtue dearer than the reminder of his life, that he could prolong by his escape.

Virginia Hall Biography

Virginia Hall Biography Virginia Hall Goillot (born Virginia Hall, April 6, 1906 – July 8, 1982) was an American spy who worked with the British Special Operations Executive during World War II. Her effectiveness as a spy earned her the â€Å"honor† of being considered the most dangerous Allied spy by the Nazi German regime. Fast Facts: Virginia Hall Known For: Renowned spy who assisted the French Resistance during World War II, working for both British and American intelligence and becoming one of the Nazis most-wanted enemies.Born: April 6, 1906 in Baltimore, MarylandDied: July 8, 1982 in Rockville, MarylandSpouse: Paul Gaston Goillot (m. 1950)Honors: Member of the Order of the British Empire (1943), Distinguished Service Cross (1945), Croix de Guerre avec Palme Early Life and Education Virginia Hall was born in Baltimore, Maryland, to Barbara and Edwin Hall. Her name, Virginia, was her mother’s middle name. As a young girl, she attended the all-girls preparatory school Roland Park Country School. She eventually attended Radcliffe College and then Barnard, the prestigious women’s college, studying foreign language including French, German, and Italian. With her parents’ support, Hall went to Europe to finish off her studies. She traveled extensively on the Continent, studying in Austria, France, and Germany in the late 1920s, with the goal of working in the diplomatic corps. In 1931, she began working at the American embassy in Warsaw, Poland, as a clerk for the Consular Service; this was intended to be a stepping stone for a full-fledged career in the Foreign Service. However, in 1932, Hall had a hunting accident that resulted in the partial amputation of her leg. Forced to adapt to life with a wooden leg she nicknamed â€Å"Cuthbert,† her traditional diplomatic career was over before it began. Hall resigned from the Department of State in 1939 and returned to Washington, D.C., where she attended graduate school at American University. Special Operations Executive In 1940, as World War II spread across Europe, Hall was in Paris. She had joined the Ambulance Service to help in the war effort in France, but she wound up in Vichy territory when France fell to the invading Nazis. Hall was able to leave France and get to London, where she volunteered for the Special Operations Executive, the British espionage organization. Using the cover of a reporter for the New York Post, Hall spent over a year in Vichy France, working to coordinate the activities of the French Resistance. In 1942, she worked alongside noted SOE operative Peter Churchill on a couple of missions, involving the delivery of money and agents to the French spy networks. Hall worked primarily in and around Toulouse and Lyon. Hall’s work was discreet, but she quickly got on the radar of the occupying Germans. Nicknamed â€Å"the limping lady,† she was deemed one of the regime’s most wanted. In 1942, Germany seized all of France, and Hall needed to escape quickly. She narrowly escaped Lyon by train, then hiked through the Pyrenees to make it to Spain. Throughout the ordeal, her sense of humor remained intact- she transmitted to her SOE handlers that she hoped â€Å"Cuthbert† wouldn’t give her trouble during her escape. She was briefly arrested for crossing into Spain illegally, but was released with the help of the American embassy. For about a year, she worked with the SOE based out of Madrid, then returned to London, where she was recognized with an honorary Member of the Order of the British Empire. Continuing Intelligence Career After completing her work with the SOE, Hall’s spy career wasn’t over. She joined the equivalent American organization, the Office of Strategic Services, Special Operations Branch, and requested a chance to return to France, still under Nazi occupation. Granting her request, the OSS sent her to Brittany, France, with a false identity and a code name. Over the course of the next year, Hall mapped out safe zones for supply drops and safe houses, worked with the major Operation Jedburgh, personally helped train Resistance fighters in guerilla warfare, and sent a constant stream of reporting back to Allied intelligence. Her work continued up until the very end of the war; Hall only ceased reporting once Allied forces caught up to her and her team in September 1945. Upon returning to the United State, Hall married Paul Goillot, a former OSS operative himself. The pair both transitioned into work at the Central Intelligence Agency, where Hall became an intelligence analyst, specializing in French parliamentary affairs. Both Hall and Goillot were assigned to the Special Activities Divison: the CIA division focused on covert operations. Retirement, Death, and Recognition After fifteen years at the CIA, Hall retired in 1966, moving with her husband to a Barnesville, Maryland, farm. She died sixteen years later at the age of 76 in Rockville, Maryland, and is buried nearby. During her life, Hall was awarded some of the most prestigious honors in the world. Not only was she made an honorary MBE, but she also received a Distinguished Service Cross, the only such award given to a woman in World War II, from the American government. The French, meanwhile, awarded her a Croix de Guerre to honor her work in occupied France. After her death, the honors continued: she was commemorated in 2006, on what would have been her 100th birthday, by the French and British ambassadors to the United States, and she was inducted into the Maryland Women’s Hall of Fame in 2019. She remains one of the most effective and honored spies in American history. Sources Pearson, Judith L. The Wolves at the Door: The True Story of Americas Greatest Female Spy. Guilford, CT: The Lyons Press, 2005.Purnell, Sonia. A Woman of No Importance: The Untold Story of WWII’s Most Dangerous Spy, Virginia Hall. Hachette UK, 2019.â€Å"Virginia Hall: The Courage and Daring of ‘The Limping Lady’.† Central Intelligence Agency, 8 October 2015, https://www.cia.gov/news-information/featured-story-archive/2015-featured-story-archive/virginia-hall-the-courage-and-daring-of-the-limping-lady.html.